Intertextuality describes the interplay and connection between different texts. In music videos, it refers to how a video draws from or integrates elements of other works, such as films, TV shows, books, and historical events, etc. Using this technique is sufficient in invoking nostalgia while also serving as an effective marketing tool. Here are some aspects of intertextuality in music videos: Historical context: Some MVs, such as "This is America" by Childish Gambino, reference real events, social movements, or historical figures. This song critiques gun violence and racism in America. Self-Referencing: Artists sometimes reference their own past work and personas. Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" features versions of her past self. Celebrity and Pop Culture References: Some artists may feature other famous figures and events in their music videos. "Thank U, next" by Ariana Grande recreates scenes from Mean Girls, Legally Blonde, and Br...